Schizophrenia in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte...

Schizophrenia in The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wall-Paper, does more than just tell the story of a woman who suffers at the hands of 19th century quack medicine. Gilman created a protagonist with real emotions and a real psych that can be examined and analyzed in the context of modern psychology. In fact, to understand the psychology of the unnamed protagonist is to be well on the way to understanding the story itself. The Yellow Wall-Paper, written in first-person narrative, charts the psychological state of the protagonist as she slowly deteriorates into schizophrenia (a disintegration of the personality). Schizophrenia manifests itself through a number of symptoms. One of the first†¦show more content†¦At one point she describes laying on the bed and follow[ing] that pattern about by the hour . . . I determine for the thousandth time that I will follow that pointless pattern to some sort of conclusion (Gilman 429). Shortly after the passage above, there is another change in the mental state of the narrator. She begins to show symptoms of paranoia, another classic sign of schizophrenia. Speaking of how glad she is that her baby does not have to stay in the room with the yellow wallpaper, the narrator says Of course I never mention it to them any more— I am too wise,— but I keep watch of it all the same (Gilman 430). She again shows her mistrust of the people who are caring for her when she says The fact is I am getting a little afraid of John. He seems very queer sometimes, and even Jennie has an inexplicable look (Gilman 431). At one point she catches Jennie looking at the yellow wallpaper. She says I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself! (Gilman 432). This kind of paranoia is a solid indicator that the narrators psychological state is deteriorating towards schizophrenia. Hallucinations are another common symptom of a schizophrenic person. The protagonist at first sees (although she still knows that they are not real) people walking in the paths that she can see from her bedroom window. As her mental state worsens, however, sheShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper is a feminist piece of literature that analyzed women’s struggle in the 1900s, such as medical diagnosis and women’s roles. Over the years, women struggled to attain independence and freedom. In order to achieve these liberties, they were females who paved the way and spoke out about these issues to secure equal rights for women. In addition, these powerful females used their vulnerability to challenge the male domination through their literary work. The Yellow Wallpaper is aRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper961 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Paper is a symbolic story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is a disheartening tale of a woman struggling to free herself from postpartum depression. This story gives an account of an emotionally and intellectual deteriorated woman who is a wife and a mother who is struggling to break free from her metal prison and find peace. The post-partum depression forced her to look for a neurologist doctor who gives a rest cure. She was supposed to have a strict bed rest. The woman livedRead More Essay on Condemnation of a Patriarchal Society in Yellow Wallpaper860 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal Society in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman was crafty. Taken at face value, her short work, The Yellow Wallpaper, is simply the diary of a woman going through a mental breakdown. The wallpaper itself is the arbitrary object on which a troubled mind is obsessively fixated. The fact that Gilman herself suffered from a nervous breakdown makes this interpretation seem quite viable. 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The Observation Of A Child Named Alice Buck Who Lives

Abstract This assignment will highlight the interview process and the observation analysis of a child named Alice Buck who lives in our neighborhood. She is five years old and she struggles with a condition called Autism a mental disorder which is characterized by difficulty in establishing social interactions, non verbal and verbal communication and behaviors that are repetitive. She was diagnosed with the condition when she was 2 years old when her parents and doctors noticed some difficulty in her intellectual ability, complications in her physical health like inability to sleep, gastrointestinal disruptions, strains in motor coordination and maintaining attention spans. She has two elder sisters Alex and Christine both in secondary school. She is American and comes from a middle-class family. I will interview her parents and observe her in school and at home to further understand her development process and how her condition impacts her life as a child. 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ISO 9000 Essay Example For Students

ISO 9000 Essay In order to stay competitive, businesses have to be the best at what theydo. Companys must be efficient and presise in all aspects of the job. (Metcalfe1).ISO 9000 is made up of managements responsibility, the producersinvolved in the Quality Management System, the contract review, the designcontrol, document and data control, purchasing, process control, inspection andtesting, control of non-conforming product, corrective action, handling, storage,packaging and delivery, internal quality audits, training, servicing and statisticaltechniques (Prasanna 1). Quality control and quality assurance is veryimportant there are certain requirements that take time and money to be met butin the end there are benefits. Types of specifications are very significant and thedocumentation of those is even more. Manufacturers and purchasers havemajor responsibility in the process of being successful. The quality of a productis so important, especially to the customer.A companys quality managementsyste m must become the documented proof of a firms commitment to qualitymanagement. A plan put together with quality procedures and work instructionsis provided to help companies design their own quality management system. After completing the quality procedures, companies are audited and thendetermined if they should be certified for ISO 9000 or not (Parsanna 2). ISO: International Organization of StandardsFounded in 1947 in Geneva Switzerland, ISO developed internationalstandards and helped exchange goods and services worldwide. It is made up ofover 90 countries including the US, which is called the American NationalStandards Institute. The name ISO came from the Greek word, isos, meaningequal (Henkoff 2). ISO was created by business men (Henkoff 2). Thesebusiness men knew what businesses needed to become more competitive andhow they could get higher customer satisfaction, so ISO was developed. ISO isnot government regulated, but is ran by organizations like the US RegistrarAccreditation Board. Such organizations authorize registrars which issue ISOcertificates (Barrier 2). In Europe some organizations are government regulated. The American National Standards Institute runs the ISO in the US andauthorizes the US Registrar Accreditation Board (Barrier 2). ISOs job is to setstandards for companies all over the world so that their products come outefficiently and to the best quality. This helps the customers who receive theexports know exactly what they are getting and are satisfied with the product. Setting these standards is done by ISO members at assembly meetings. Proposals are developed by the ISO Council, which is like the board of directorsin a business. These meetings are held three times a year and the membershipis rotated to allow more representatives in (iso online). Standards aredeveloped by technical committees. 30,000 experts participate to givecomments, feedback and to vote in meetings which are held15 times a dayelectronically.The experts are chosen by an ISO member of that country (isoThe ISO 9000 series was published in 1987 (iso online). It is astandardization system that was developed by ISO. It is obtained by 130countries, but its main office is in Geneva, Switzerland where the system iscoordinated and the finished standards are published (iso online). These ISOstandard are rules and guidelines that e nsure the product that a manufacturingbusiness produces is safe, reliable and efficient (iso online). These standardsmakes sure that businesses are living up to their promises. An ISO 9000certificate is given to a business when it maintains the quality managementrequirements determined by ISO (Henkoff 1). ISO 9000 helps a business to getcertified by telling it what requirements it should meet and how it will meet them. It provides a framework for a company. It sets standards worldwide and helpexport goods to other countries. However, the company must have good strongleaders for it to thrive. The success of ISO 9000 on a business largely dependson the businesss organization. Planning, training, setting and achieving goalsare all key to improvement or success of a business (Henkoff 5). ISO 9000makes sure a company is doing what it says it is doing and helps them do it. However, that doesnt mean it is running the company and telling it what to do(USAToday 1). The business is still an i ndependent business it is just gettingadvice on how to manufacture things and earning a certificate that is appealingto customers. However, that also doesnt mean that ISO 9000 promises thequality of a companys product will be great; Richard Buerow, director ofcorporate quality at Motorola states: With ISO 900 you can still have terribleprocesses and products. You can certify a manufacturer that makes life jacketsfrom concrete, as long as those jackets are made according to the documentedprocedures and the company provides the next of kin with instructions on how tocomplain about defects. Thats absurd (Henkoff 3). Its steps and procedureswill help a manufacturers product become better produced. ISO 9000 is divided into three equally ranked quality systems which abusiness can chooses by what quality system will cover their business processISO 9001 is for a business whose processes range from design anddevelopment, to production, installation and servicing. ISO 9002 is for a business t hat does not carry out design and development butanything else that is under ISO 9001. ISO 9003 is for a business whose process does not include design control,process control, purchasing or servicing, but uses inspection and testing toensure that final products and services meet specified requirements. Element 4.1: Management ResponsibilityThe responsibility of executive level management in regard to qualitypolicy, goals, commitment and implementation of the company quality systemHere management must have a Quality Policy and have it understoodthroughout the business. It is then managements responsibility to gatherresources and have trained employees to do the work. The Quality System isthen monitored by management representatives who report back to managementA Quality System must be used to ensure the product conforms tospecifications. The system will be described in documentation of sufficient detailto include structure, processes, and procedures that ensure product qualityThis system must be fully documented to fit ISO 9000 standards in aquality manual. This manual should contain a table of contents and history ofthe company (Stimson 168). This manual should also include customersspecifications and requirements (Stimson 165). The system should go with thebusinesss mission and po licy and show how its requirements should be met. Written plans should be shown on how to fulfill customers standards. A documented system for review and amendment of the contract, toensure customer performer agreement of expectations (Stimson 317). Some Major Parts of Industrial Relations in Bangladesh EssayCustomers have such a broad list of choices that today the competitivefield almost forces a company to be ISO 9000 certified. The certification helpsbusinesss compete, plan, audit and award (Henkoff 2) which means companieswho dont have it should get it. It is only implying that with out it their operatingsystem is incoherent by the workers and their quality system is poor. Foreignconsumers now demand ISO 9000 because they will know what they are goingto get when purchasing with that company (Metcalfe 2). ISO 9000 certification isvery important to the manufacturer because it saves money by reducing need foroutside quality audits and incoming products inspections (Barrier 1). Being ISO9000 certified is very important to the customer, because he/she knows that thebusiness has quality management procedures and knows what quality is in theproduct because it has the same standard through out the world. This opensnew global door s to companies which they would never get without ISO 9000. Now, ISO 9000 is more recognized than when it first came out, but only by somecustomers and only some companies have it. Two thirds of executives atmidsize manufacturing dont know what ISO 9000 is, they think it is a legalrequirement for doing business (Henkoff 2). The businesss who do have itusually get chosen by the customers. During the year 2000 it will be impossibleto compete with out it because it will be a very recognized and a very popularISO has produced and developed standard systems for screw threads tocredit and telephone cards to the this way up sign on boxes to the ISBNnumber in every book (iso online). Thousands of companies all over the worldare ISO 9000 certified. Here are some real life businesses that are certified andstories on how they have used ISO 9000 as a competitive weapon. Caterpillar Engines in Mosville, Illinois had customer complaints abouttheir engines not performing properly. ISO 9000 gave the manufacturers asystematic way to order a design change, make sure they used only the latestdocuments and made engines more efficiently. Their production time went downand their customer satisfaction went up (Henkoff 3). The Rockwell Internationals Allen-Bradley plant in Twinsburg, Ohio makecircuit boards and other electronics. Their problem was that they were extremelyunorganized. Tons of documentation and memos were posted up on a memoboard, most workers didnt get them until months later. Their managementquality was poor, so they got ISO 9000 certified. After getting certified withinone year their productivity improved 21%, time dropped 18% and productExcalibur USA became ISO 9000 certified and more than $10 million wassaved in operating expenses in a year. They gained 30% more business. Production increased, costs went down and customer satisfaction went upESPITI, a European software industry wanted to become morecompetitive so they got ISO 9000 certified. Being certified was essential to thembecause they knew it ensured quality and productivity and it is very good forUganda textile companies in Africa were getting hit by the worst cheapimports of fabric and their sales were bad. Once ISO 9000 cer tified they hadnew standards and fabric imported to them was good. It will lower productioncost and improve sales. Uganda is so satisfied with the improvement that fiftymore companies will have certification by the end of the year (Africa 1). In Batam, Indonesia twelve companies were ISO 9000 certified. Thecompanies were chosen because they wanted to have a competitive edge in ahuge global market demand and wanted to attain a good quality working systemCloister Spring Water Company in Lancaster, PA expanded by openingup three new plants. However, they were afraid that water would be bottled anddelivered differently at each plant. ISO 9000 certification solved that problemand in three years sales soared 250% more than they expected (USAToday 1). ISO 9000 is a competitive weapon all over the world and is becomingmore and more popular. In the October 1998 issue of Quality Progress, asurvey of 1240 US companies showed that of the certified companies (iso90% thought it is a value-added quality system87% thought that it was necessary to remain competitive78% thought that it definitely improved quality within a company73% thought it will save money in the long run99% said that it cannot be implemented without management commitment. Over 20,000 companies in the US are certified today. This shows thatbusinesses believe in a strong quality system, management quality,improvement, profit and competitiveness. All these business essential make upBibliography:BibliogrphyStimson, William A. Beyond ISO 9000: How to Sustain Quality in a DynamicWorld. New York: Amacom, 1998. Barrier, Micheal, Amy Zuckerman. Quality Standards the World Agrees on: Small Businesses Can Meet ISO 9000 Standard. Nations Business01 May 1994: 71-73. Martorana, Jamie. Newsbreak: 6 LI Manufacturers Granted Funds. Newsday29 November 1999: 1. Raman, Prasanna. An Insight into ISO 9000 for Small Businesses. NewStraits Times 24 February 1998. Metcalfe, Coll. Ventura County Business; The Business Beat: Firms Find ISO9000 Certification Means Business. Los Angeles Times02 March 1999: B1. Henkoff, Ronald. Managing: The Hot New Seal of Quality. Fortune 28 June 1993: 116. Surveyor Indonesia to Grant 12 ISO 9000/14000 Certificates. Asia Pulse 03 February 1998. ISO 9000 Helps Firms Achieve Consistency. USA Today 27 May 1998: 02B. Software Industry: ISO 9000 Key to Improving Europes SoftwarePerformance. European Report 01 May 1996. ISO Raises Manufacturers Hopes. Africa News Service 05 January 2000. IRS Lets Manufacturers Deduct Quality Certification Expenses. BloombergL.P. 06 January 2000. ISO 9000. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia 01 January 1998. International Organization for Standardization Homepage. 27 February 2000.

Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Example Essay Example

Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Example Paper Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Introduction Once I finished of reading the books was really hard for me choose a subject to compose, notwithstanding the first things that came to my head was the frienship and love that are two of the chief facets of each books because without it both books might hold really different narratives unlike the original 1s in whom friendly relationship and love are the cardinal factors in the development of each narrative. But what is friendship? , the most acceoted reply is the 1 that appears in the lexicons and said that friendly relationship is the supportive and concerted relationship between people and involves that each portion has a common regard and respect toward the other. This natural relationship appear either in the Great Gatsby or the Motorcycle journals, but the friendly relationship is shown in different signifiers in each book because in the Great Gatsby the frienship did non look at the begiing of the narrative, due to Nick Carraway knew Gatsby subsequently in the book, but in the Motorcycle diaries the frienship appears since the book start when Ernesto andhis friend Alberto Granado decided to do a trip for Latin America. Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Body Paragraphs In the Motorcycle journals appears several demostrations of friendly relationship as is shown when Ernesto got the Flu and he felt realy bad, but when he was able to travell in the motorcycle Alberto took hom to the nearest infirmary that was in the town of Choele Choel ; that accion clearly demostrate that Alberto follow in some manner what Edward W. Howe said â€Å" When a friend is in problem, do n’t rag him by inquiring if there is anything you can make. Think up something appropriate and do it † . ( 1911 ) . That stament shows what is expected that a friend must make, because a true friend is non the 1 that is with you merely when you are all right, a true friend is the 1 that is with you besides when you have some jobs, when you fell sad, when you are ill, the individual that ever say to you camon! You can make it! , that individual is a true friend as is the instance of Alberto. The relationship between Ernesto and Alberto could be classified as â€Å" best frie nds † due to a trip as the 1 that they made you merely could believe in make it with a really close friend because when you think in the possibles problems of challenges that you could happen during your trip, you know that you can number with your friend to assist you, because that is the nature of the friendly relationship the common preocupation, the invariably thought of that your friend be good, things like these the bases of the human relationships as Cicero said â€Å" Friendship make prosperity more shining and lessens hardship by spliting and sharing it. â€Å" ( 44 B.C ) , In the Great Gatsby friendly relationship is non every bit much of import as love but if the friendly relationship were non present actions as the reunion of Gatsby and Deisy could non be possible, this is shown when Gatsby asked Nick if he could set up a meeting with Deisy, but she do non hold to cognize that he will be at that place and Nick accepted to make it, that show that a friend ever wan ts the best for his/her friend. This is demostrate when Gatsby died in his funeral merely was hisa few people at that place, it was a really different scenery that Nick had imagine, because he thought that GatsbyA?s funeral was full of people due to the fact, that ever in his partys ever were present a batch of people, but it was non in that manner. That shows that money is non of import in friendly relationship because a true friend as I said earlier is non with you because you have some money or you are all right, he or she is with you because you are of import for he or she and you could be really dissatisfactory for you to turn out it for case if you have some â€Å" friends † with you merely because you have some money and when you run out of money they gone, until that go on you are traveling to cognize really who are you existent friends. Another impotant facet in both books is the â€Å" love † that in the instance of the Great Gatsby is the ground of why Gatsb y act in that manner, as is show in this portion of the text: A A A A † I think he half expected her to roll into one of his parties, some â€Å" You see, when we left New York she was really nervous and she thought it would dark, † went on Jordan, â€Å" but she ne’er did.A Then he began inquiring people casually if they knew her, and I was the first 1 he found.A It was that dark he sent for me at his dance, and you should hold heard the luxuriant manner he worked up to it.A Of class, I instantly suggested a tiffin in New York. † ( Fitzgerald, 1925, page 38 ) . Gatsby had bought his house and had that pretentious life, because he wanted to catch the attending of Daisy due to he thought that if he acted in that manner it was easier for him being an good lucifer for her, but that was non at all a right pick that Gatsby made, because money is non a factor that facilitates the things in the love, because love is a thing or a feeling that you can non purchase with money, it is something that you have to contend ( being literary ) for it, you have to construct it with litle actions every twenty-four hours. However why Gatsby ne’er try to being closer to Deisy before he was rich? , the most likely reply is related once more with the money, he did non hold the adequate bravery to seek to won the bosom of Deisy, because he believed that if he had the money it would be easier for him. But what we are able to make for love? , some people said that we are able to make anything for love, another say that without love our life it doen non has significance in GatsbyA?s narrative is demostrated in many parts of the narrative one illustration could be the Gatsby attitudes his epicurean life but notwithstanding the most clear illustration is when Deisy ran over Myrtle Wilson and Gastby decided to take the incrimination of that: â€Å" You see, when we left New York she was really nervous and she thought it would calm her to drive-and this adu lt female rushed out at us merely as we were go throughing a auto coming the other way.A It all happened in a minute, but it seemed to me that she wanted to talk to us, thought we were person she knew.A Well, first Daisy turned off from the adult female toward the other auto, and so she lost her nervus and turned back.A The 2nd my manus reached the wheel I felt the shock-it must hold killed her immediately. † ( Fitzgerald,1925, page 73 ) That decition of Gatsby subsequently decided his fate in this instance he was murdered by the Myrtle hubby George Wilson, this in some manner reflect what Nietzsche said in his book â€Å" On reading and composing † : â€Å" There is ever some lunacy in love. But there is besides ever some ground in lunacy † , this phrase reflect in some manner what was environing GatsbyA?s head in that minute because he merely wanted that nil bad happen to Deisy, and that is oneof the points that love portion with frienship, you ever want the be tter for your friend or love. In the Motorcycle journals besides appears love but in different signifiers, because Ernesto loves Chichina, this relationship could even do that Ernesto stay in Miramar with his girlfriend as is shown when they stay at that place, as Ernesto said: Alberto saw the possible danger of being entirely in the roads of America, but besides Ernesto showed a immense love to his female parent for this ground he invariably wrote letters to her in wich he told her what had happen during his trip for illustration: â€Å" We will go forth for Bariloche on two or three yearss and intend to go at a easy gait. . Sends tonss of love to everyone and do certain you tell me whethe or non Papi is in the South. A loving clinch from your son. † . ( Guevara,2004, page 51 ) In that illustration ei clearly shown that it does non count how old are us we ever have in head an strong feeling to our relations but in particular toward our female parent. Now what is the relation ship between love and frienship? , what they have in common? And what are the differences between them? . Love and frienship portion something that is the importance that you assing to a individual that means that in the universe there 1000000s of people and if we nover assing an importance to a individual, they ever are traveling to be merely another people, but when you assing an particular importance to a individual in that minute that individual is non any longer merely another common individual, he or she in that minute he or she turns into an speciall one for you that could be your friend or your love. As is said in the â€Å" principito † : â€Å" Not at all, you are like my rose. No 1 has tamed you and you have tamed no 1. That was my fox before, like a hundred 1000 others. When he bacame my friend, is now alone in the universe. † ( de Saint-Exupery, 1943 ) , Love and friendly relationship are non the same thing, friendly relationship does non necessitate farth er account of your actions to your friends and the key to keep it is love, but friendship respects the physical, that ‘s the chief difference with love, because when relayed the physical barrier regard is concsider as love ( physical regard does non merely is related to sex ) . Another difference is that you have a loving relationship with a individual individual that ever is following to you alternatively of that friendly relationship in which you can hold several people as friends. Another difference is that friendly relationship can besides be atach to the relation that people stablish with some animate beings, as a clear illustration is the relation that each individual that have a Canis familiaris stablish, because the love appears as tha base of that relationship, because each portion ever wants the best for the other. After stablish the differences and the similarities between love and frienship it is easier to calculate out wthat is the relation between them, fundament ally love is the base of the friendly relationship, but when love go beyond the friendly relationship in that minute love emerges, as the consequence of a friendly relationship in wich both had noticed that they could be something more than merely friends. When I choose these subject I thought that there are no much to compose about it but when I went deeper in both books i realized that these subjects were an essencial portion of the development of each other, and without them both narratives might hold a really different significance. Furthermore I could larn more about the differences, similarities and the relation between love and frienship, so as is shown the both books love and friendly relationship are feelings that must be present in each individual, because without them life does non has sense, as was they instance of Gatsby before he run into once more woth Deisy, he merely seek to catch the attending of her with his money, but it was non successful until he became friend of Nick and he helped him to be once more with Deisy ; this simple action of Nick shows that a friend ever want the best for the 1s that he love. So what is the relation between love an frienship the relation between them it is basicaly that one ( love ) is the base of the other ( frienship ) , but when the people go beyond that the love of friends so emerges the romantic love that is one of the purest feeling among human existences, and that sort of love is the ona that allow us to be here because were the consequence of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Release free essay sample

â€Å"Hello, ladies! Are you all ready for intensive day two?† We all smile nervously, only four more days, twenty hours of dancing after today! Miss Michelle continues, â€Å"The quote of the day is, ‘The difference between possible and impossible is determination’ tell yourself that while you are working and dancing to your fullest potential today.† Through the intense warm-up of our next class: boat pose up-and-downs ten times, one minute of both extreme mountain climbers, and planking. I remind myself of the quote of the day. On the final rep, my still smiling face and back are cooled by the beads of sweat that have trailed down them. â€Å"Do not stop, you can do this!† I tell myself as I roll over and put my legs and arms in the beginning position for mountain climbers. I position my body to resemble a board of wood, and reflect on the structured life that I have chosen to live through the challenging work of dance pays off. We will write a custom essay sample on Release or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weeks later I look out my window to see that the mail truck. Finally, my evaluation has arrived. My stomach churns, and I replay the past two weeks of Intensive, our summer conditioning and placement program, in my head. I think about all of the leaps and turns I know I could have executed better as well as the steps I know I did well. I read â€Å"Level four,† and a large smile forms on my face. I scream out of excitement; I have made the highest team! As I stand at the bathroom mirror, putting my hair up, I consider the stress of the week ahead. â€Å"Today I will be home by ten, tomorrow by nine, and Wednesday we will be with Dad for dinner.† Since the divorce, I jump between dad’s and mom’s house in addition to dance and a challenging honors curriculum at school. At Back Stage Dance Center we work on our lyric group dance. Lyric is a style of dance in which the dancers portray the story of a song through their movement. Miss Stacy turns on the stereo and the lyrics to â€Å"The Freshman† fill the room with a solemn feeling. I take a deep breath in and exhale as I take my beginning pose. As I continue to move through our piece, the stress of the day and upcoming week flows out of my fingers and toes with each step I take. As I sit in the leather office chair in the study at 11:45pm, I fool with the idea of quickly finishing my project and getting a somewhat decent amount of sleep, but then my conscious kicks in, and I remind myself of how I am supposed to put 110% into everything I do. This value was drilled into me since day one at Backstage. I prepare myself for another practically sleepless night and get to work on perfecting my English project, recreating Dante’s Inferno with modern-day characters. Lying in bed in the early hours of the morning, I fall asleep anxiously awaiting the next afternoon when I am able to return to the studio and release my stress through movement.

Using May in a Question

Using May in a Question Using May in a Question Using May in a Question By Maeve Maddox Stephen Buck wants to explain to a non-native English speaker why the following question is not possible in standard English: May you do this for me? The modal verb may has many uses. The OED entry gives 26 numbered definitions with numerous sub-sections. One of the definitions is this one: may: Expressing permission or sanction: be allowed (to do something) by authority, law, rule, morality, reason, etc. Now somewhat rare exc. (Brit.) in asking and granting permission In standard English, when may implies permission, it is used in the asking or granting of it: May I use the car tonight? I may not have a Facebook account; my parents have forbidden it. You may go to the zoo with us. While it is possible to use may to ask for permission or to grant permission, we use will or can when we want to ask someone to do something for us: May I use your telephone? You may stay out until 10 p.m. BUT Will you do this for me? Can you do this for me? We use will when we know that what were asking is within the power of the person being asked: Will you hold the door while I unload? We use can when there is some doubt that the person is able/has permission to do what is asked: Can you authorize this payment? Can you help me move this piano? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objectsâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

What is the Tao (Way) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is the Tao (Way) - Essay Example The Confucian way of Tao and the East and West ways of Tao will be examined in the paper. The definition of Tao is "Tao represents the basic concept of Taoism. In general, this term belongs to the spiritual atmosphere of the ancient China and can be translated "way", "mean", "art", "skill"., 1 To answer the question, what is the Tao way, depends on which tenets of Tao you side with. Tao can be translated differently depending on the perspective of the doctrines of Tao and individuals understand. This means that individuals have different doctrines of Tao and it depends on which of these doctrines an individual understands and how they understand that the question can be answered. Tao can be though of a philosophical school of thought and one of these schools of thought is the one that concerns the thoughts of Confucius. According to Confucius and those that understand Tao with these doctrines Tao "refers , "Tao" refers to the art of ruling the state of the ancient emperors like King Wen and the Duke of Chou," 2 1 Mitchell, Stephen. "Tao Te Ching" (1998) New York. 1st Perenn similar concepts." 3 In this context, the polisemy of this term resembles the polisemy of the concept "prima materia" of the Greek-Egyptian classique alchemy or of the medieval European alchemy. The way of Tao is the way a person perceives these tenets and uses them in their life. They can be used in all aspects of an individual's life from work ethic to the way they understand the world. The Tao way can be thought of as the way a person understands. The way a person understands Tao depends on their beliefs about Tao. Tao is traditionally an Eastern religion and school of thought; however, it is now practiced in the Western cultures. The answer to the question might differ in the East than the West because the doctrines and interpretation have changed slightly in Western cultures. This is due to the fact that Tao is a part of life in the East for many and they been taught the philosophies and doctrines of Tao since birth. Tao in a sense has been adopted in the Western cultures so so me of the concepts have deviated in the process. Nagarjuna and the Limits of Thought Jay L. Garfield and Graham Priest Nagarjuna seems willing to embrace contradictions while at the same time making use of classic reductio arguments. He asserts that he rejects all philosophical views including his own-that he asserts nothing-and appears to mean it. It is argued here that he, like many philosophers in the West and, indeed, like many of his Buddhist colleagues, discovers and explores true contradictions arising at the limits of thought. For those who share a dialetheist's comfort with the possibility of true contradictions commanding rational assent, for Nagarjuna to endorse such contradictions would not undermine but instead confirm the impression that he is indeed a highly rational thinker. It is argued that the contradictions he discovers are structurally analogous to many discovered by Western philosophers and mathematicians. 3 Graham explains that "Taoism, the practice of the Tao concepts) started as a combination of psychology and philosophy but evolved into a religious faith in 440 CE when it was adopted as a state religion." 4 At that time, Lao-Tse became popularly venerated as a deity. Earlier in this discussion, the Confucius philosophy was explained to be one school of thought that individuals used to understand Tao. This is because they are closely related and the thoughts of Eastern religions have many of the same doctrines. Taoism, along with Buddhism and Confucianism, became one of the three great religions of China around the time of 440 CE. "With the

Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Human resources management - Essay Example The human resource management team looks after various functions starting from recruiting the right talent to the organization, to their compensation and retention. Moreover, they have to develop the human resource of an organization in such a way that it is able to meet the present and future goals of the organization. Effective HRM practices increases employee productivity as well as financial performance of an organization (Huselid, 1995). Such practices include: Microsoft, an American public multinational corporation, was developed in 1975. It offers a wide range of computing related products and services. Being one of the most successful companies in the world, Microsoft gives a great deal of importance to its human resource. It would be not wrong to say that Microsoft is an employee driven organization and therein lays the key to its success. The vision of Microsoft states that: ‘We recognize that leadership in today’s global marketplace requires that we create a corporate culture and an inclusive business environment where the best and brightest diverse minds—employees with varied perspectives, skills, and experiences--work together to meet global consumer demands.’ Practices: Bill Gates, the driving force behind Microsoft had one simple philosophy while hiring employees for his organization. He wanted extremely intelligent staff for his company and he gave preference to intelligence over experience. Starting from selecting the most-driven employees from the best universities, and taking them through an interview process, Microsoft hired employees who fared well not only in the knowledge department but also had great problem-solving and technical skills. Microsoft also followed the ‘n-1’ policy while hiring employees. According to this policy, the company believed in hiring the right person always rather than just filling a required position. Later, Microsoft also

Discuss the link between the current account and changes in a countrys Essay

Discuss the link between the current account and changes in a countrys net foreign wealth - Essay Example Factor Income is the return or income of a particular asset an example of which are the income derived from land or the rent paid by its occupant. Net Transfer Payment is the liability of the government in financing its operation or the difference between the required payments needed to finance social services or other similar government function and the availability of funds coming from the income of the government. Before giving illustrations and meaning to each of the economic phrases, it is imperative to state that the link between the two sides of the equation reflects the Balance of Payments of a country. The Balance of Payment is the record of all the fiscal transaction of a nation with the rest of the world. Balance of Payments ideally should always be zero to ensure that nations are not spending beyond their means or on the opposite side, not hoarding its fiscal resources that could lead to a regional or global financial crisis. Spending beyond a country’s means could result to increasing its local or external debts which would counter-act or zero out its Balance of Payments. An unchecked increase in external and local loans could result to an economic collapse starting with its monetary system after a short duration spiral. The domino-effect would then ensue, affecting inflation for consumer items, interest rates for banks, closure of manufacturing plants dependent on imported raw materials that lead to the loss of jobs. Hoarding, on the other hand, results to the shortage of the amount of money being circulated in the global or regional economy. Since the US dollar is considered as the de facto international currency, the absence of the dollar in international circulation could lead to the collapse of some economy due to the spiralling devaluation of its monetary system against the dollar. The absence of available money for institutional short term loans from international sources could prompt government to look inward to finance its US dollar requirements. The absence of money in circulation on a regional or global economy would result to government controlled banks to lower their interest rates. Rational Expectation Theory would then dictate the momentum. Lower interest rates from government controlled banks translate to lower income for money in the bank which will lead to the exodus of money from the banks to high yield instruments such as bonds and government loans. On the other hand, a Balance of Payment from all countries is indicative of a progressive and healthy world economy. In essence, the amount of goods produced is equal to the goods required by the market, the amount of money in circulation needed to purchase the goods are in the hands of the population transacting for the goods. Net Foreign Asset – as articulated earlier—is the net asset of a country abroad. This would include the assets of its industries offshore or overseas that earn revenues that will redound to the benefit of the country in general and the country’s citizen in particular. To illustrate: The United States although has a much publicized deficit that runs into billions of dollars has a substantial holding in other countries that earns for it some revenue to maintain its Balance of Payment. Resolving the value of these investments abroad to current valuation enables it to achieve Balance of Paymen

Junction Australia Services Analysis

Junction Australia Services Analysis Junction Australia (JA) is a leading independent provider which offers community support and housing services. Their goal is to strengthen lives and communities in Australia. Key features offered at Junction Australia: Children and Youth Junction Australia has numerous programmes available to help youths in crisis, or struggling with their lives. Nexus is a programme available for 6-10 year olds who may be exhibiting harmful or negative behaviours, or are having problems in school. Nexus builds on the childs communication skills, problem solving, and social skills. They support the child at their home, school and community environment, to ensure the childs overall well-being. Parent and adolescent counselling is available for 12-18 year olds and their families. The aim is to reduce conflict in families, who are experiencing challenges. The program hopes to prevent the families from further break down, and the possibility of youth homelessness. Youth connectedness program offers group activities and one-to-one- mentoring, for all children and young people who reside with JA, under the Guardianship of the Minister.   The programs aim is to improve social skills and personal development. Flexible learning outcomes support children to improve school attendance and educational outcomes throughout the Onkaparinga and Lower Fleurieu regions. Supported accommodation program assists young people and children who are homeless. One of their accommodation programmes; Junction House, support up to eight homeless youths at a time. When living at Junction House, the youths need to learn independent living skills, and engage in a form of educational pathway. This accommodation is short-term, offering a three to sixth month stay. During their stay the youths will be supported to re-connect with their communities, and arrange for a longer term home. Education House offers three secondary students or older, supported accommodation whilst they finish their studies at school, or higher education facility. The support offered involves day-to-day essentials and running a home. Next step house is a shared accommodation for three young people who have previously lived in Junction House, and are ready to live more independently. For this program to be successful, structured support is continued for day to day living. This gives the young person the greatest success of developing their abilities to live independently, and the best chance at not becoming homeless again in their future. Specialist youth homelessness programme; The Outer Southern Youth Homelessness Service (OSYHS) supports youths to transition to independent living. Young people, aged between 16 and 25 years old who are currently homeless, transient or at risk of homelessness, can be referred to OSYHS to discuss their situation with an outreach employee (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Therapeutic Support Service Accommodation (TSS) is for children and young people who under are the Guardianship of the Minister. The houses comprise of emergency care, and short term care, through to long term and respite care. The children are given stability and individual holistic care. Families Junction Australia offers support to struggling families in South Australia through these programmes. Effective parenting program provides a parenting course targeted at support for families to develop current parenting skills, and encourage healthy, and successful family life. Whos in charge, is a program designed to support parents and family members, who are being abused by a child or adolescent in their family (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Step Up for SA program offers a thirteen week group program were parents and adolescent come together. The program uses the Cognitive Behavioural model and Restorative Practices, to build skills in responsibility, accountability, and family safety. Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island Domestic Violence Service is an outreach program providing case management to support women and children, living with, or escaping from family and domestic violence. The program provides counselling, safety action plans, and support finding alternative accommodation. Specialist homelessness service program is situated in Southern Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. The Fleurieu KI Homelessness Support Services (FHSS and KIHSS) are outreach programs which provide short to medium term support, for families and individuals who are homeless, or at risk of becoming homeless. Intensive tenancy support program is for families, couples or individuals living in the Onkaparinga region, living in Housing SA accommodation, who are at risk of eviction or are in crisis (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Counselling services Sexual abuse counselling service offers support to individuals and families to cope with the impact and trauma of sexual abuse. This service also offers information on keeping children and youths safe, and referrals to other relevant programs and organisations. Parent and adolescent counselling, and effective parenting courses; as discussed earlier, are offered under the services of counsellors at Junction Australia (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Homelessness The Outer and Inner Southern Generic Homelessness Service is a joint partnership between Lutheran Community Care and Junction Australia. It is funded by the National Affordable Housing Agreement. This program provides supported housing to people living in the outer and inner southern areas of Adelaide. Support is given through referrals to other agencies, advocacy and future housing applications and grants. Supported housing programs Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island Domestic Violence Service The Fleurieu KI Homelessness Support Services (FHSS and KIHSS) The Outer Southern Youth Homelessness Service (OSYHS) Junction House Next step Education house (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). The six programs above have all been discussed earlier in this paper. Community Participation Community Connections Hackham Centre provides programs and opportunities for residents and their families which live in the Onkaparinga area. The program offers a wide range of services from crà ¨che, playgroups, and parenting courses. From cooking, financial budgeting, to workplace advice. Kangaroo Island Community Centre is a collaborative centre which enables Junction Australia to work with other community and government agencies. It offers a varied range of support and intervention services. Volunteers are able to get involved with a diverse range of programs in the community (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Specialist Support The exceptional needs program delivers intensive outreach support to clients with numerous high, and complex needs. Clients may have numerus diagnoses. These might include psychiatric, mental health or physical disabilities. They might also consist of alcohol and drug use, plus homelessness, or risk of homelessness. Because of the clients multifaceted needs, they may not readily be able to access conventional supports. Emergency relief program offers clients in crisis, emergency assistance with food vouchers, food parcels, and household goods. The program also helps with financial budgeting and referrals to other agencies. Hoarding and squalor services give information to assist people to navigate services and strategies when dealing with squalor (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Housing Services Junction Womens Housing (JWH) manages 17,000 homes across South Australia. They help low to middle income families, and women escaping domestic violence. JWH aim to empower their tenants and their communities. They aim to generate safe environments, and sustainable homes, for tenants to be able to live, work and thrive in their communities. Housing options available dependent on client criteria Community housing National affordable rental scheme Supported social housing Supported tenancy scheme Housing and urban development HomeABILITY strategy (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017). Consider the clients need and difficulties. How might this client be helped by the programs offered by Junction Australia? Also which other organisations will be a good source for referrals? The client Jane is a 28 year old mother of two children; Connor a 12 year old boy, and Summer a 7 year old girl. They are currently in crisis, are homeless, and escaping from domestic violence. Both children are not coping with their environment and are exhibiting traumatised behaviour. Unfortunately Junction Australia do not offer crisis accommodation to homeless women and children. Jane and her children need an immediate referral to Bramwell House, which is maintained by the Salvation Army (Salvationarmyorgau, 2017). It offers emergency accommodation for women and children escaping domestic violence and who are homeless. This will enable the family to live in a safe environment whilst accessing programs at JA. Jane needs to be referred through the Domestic Violence Crisis Service (SA), which is a Family Relationship telephone assessment and advice referral service, funded by the South Australian government (Familyrelationshipsgovau, 2017). Once accommodation has been sourced, JA have a Specialist Support Intensive outreach program for clients with complex needs. Jane has complex needs; she has previously been addicted to the drug ice, is now struggling with alcohol use, and smokes weed for chronic pain. In the past Jane has had suicidal thoughts, and was diagnosed with depression several times. She is exhibiting signs of depression presently. This outreach program offers the right support for Janes immediate requirements. Jane and Connor would also be able to access the parent and adolescent counselling service together, and Step Up for SA, which teaches young people about the impact of their violence towards family members, in a group setting. Whos in Charge?, is a second program which aims to empower parents, provide strategies to use with their aggressive child, and reduce parental guilt. Janes daughter Summer, requires a referral to support her emotional trauma and attachment issues which she is displaying. Together 4 Kids is a child focused, individualised support program, run by Relationships Australia. The program supports young childrens mental wellbeing and development. They help children cope with transitions, homelessness, and an understanding of their experiences (Rasaorgau, 2017). Jane is the single mother of a low income family, escaping domestic violence, and is homeless with ongoing mental health issues. Based on JA criterias, Jane will be eligible for housing and support to acquire mid-term, and long-term housing through Junction Womens Housing (JWH), which is Junction Australias registered community housing provider (Junctionaustraliaorgau, 2017).

Eating Disorders Essay -- Research Health Weight Anorexia Essays

Eating Disorders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders are devastating and harmful behavioral patterns that occur within people for numerous reasons. The three types of eating disorders I will be discussing include the three most common of the disorders: anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive over eating (known as binge eating). Though the disorders take physical damage on the body, they are not in fact physical illnesses. You cannot "catch" and eating disorder. Rather, they are mental issues that develop more frequently within females but do affect the male population somewhat as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia is characterized by extremely low body weight and a distorted self body image accompanied with an intense fear of gaining weight. Extreme exercising is also commonly associated with anorexia. An anorexic may allow themselves any where from 100 to 1,000 calories a day. It is not food that turns them off however, it's the preoccupation with gaining weight. Food my in fact may be on their mind constantly. Some develop such obsessions with food that they will develop obsessions with cooking and preparing the foods… probably never even tasting them. An anorexic can lose at least 15% to as much as 60% of their normal body weight. Bulimia occurs with or without anorexia symptoms. Individuals with bulimia tend to binge eat then self induce vomiting. However, binge eating is sometimes not a component of bulimia. Individuals may eat normal amounts, and then excuse themselves to the bathroom. Another common trait is the use of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas in thoughts that it will excrete those calories. Bulimics are not necessarily underweight. Some are even over weight if not at a normal weight, and they almost always have a swollen appearance to their stomachs. Compulsive overeating is a disorder in which individuals overeat, often using food as an addictive substance. As others may turn to alcohol, drugs, or gambling to alleviate stress, compulsive overeaters turn to food. Food has many associations with comfort. Compulsive overeaters may feel empty inside, and turn to food to help them feel full. A binge can average from any where between 1,000 calories to 20,000, or even as low as 100 calories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An eating disorder can develop due to a number of reasons. It could be emotional and personality disorders, family pressures, a possible genetic tendency, not to mention... ...s the tops of finger joints.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The primary symptom of anorexia is major weight loss from excessive and continuous dieting. In women, menstruation would be infrequent or absent. The skin may be dry and covered with fine hair, and normal scalp hair may be thin. The feet and hands may be cold and sometimes swollen. The stomach is often bloated after eating. Thinking may be confused of slow, and the anorexic may have poor memory and lack of judgment. Most of all with these two disorders there is a distorted self body image involved. The anorexic or bulimic could look into a mirror and see a completely different body then their own. Any of these symptoms is a warning!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders are very scary and life threatening. Though figures say that they mostly occur with in teenage girls it could happen with any one. There is no one reason it happens either. Usually the patient with the disorder (mainly an anorexic or bulimic) will have an obsession with perfection and rituals. Though they are mental illnesses, treatment is available. Psychologically, as well as physically. If you suspect that someone you know has an eating disorder don't ignore it they are very dangerous!

Catcher in the Rye

In J. D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, the main character, Holden Caulfield’s apparent madness and irrational behavior plays an important role. The decisions that Holden makes at the time seem un-normal and irrational to characters in the novel, but to the reader they seem wise and reasonable. One example of this behavior is the way Holden treats women. Throughout the novel he has the temptation to be with women, but he can resist his urges. He doesn’t want to be with a girl, just to be with a girl, Caulfield actually wants it to mean something.At the time people would have thought Holden was mad for passing up some of his opportunities with women, but when a reader reads about it, they feel like Holden is making the right decision. This helps the reader to believe that Holden is mature. When Holden donates the ten dollars he has to the nuns, some people may think that that was a large amount of money to spend on something, in which you get no gift out of. Even though Holden didn’t receive something physically back, he did receive something back mentally.Since he had felt guilty for the night before, he wanted to pay off his guilt. To some people it may seem â€Å"mad† to pay off your guilt, but to Holden it was what he needed to do. Madness can be determined differently through other peoples eyes, what one person may think is what is considered â€Å"mad†, another may find completely normal. The difference and the significance of the â€Å"madness† in the novel work as a whole because it shows how not thinking like everyone else isn’t a bad thing.Holden has a mind of his own, and he uses it to his advantage, making him a stronger and more independent individual. Holden carries himself in a very unique way, some people may think his decision are irrational, and some may think they are completely logical. Analyzing how â€Å"madness† works, and how â€Å"madness† is seen through dif ferent peoples eyes is difficult, but when it comes down to it, it is always going to be seen differently. Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is written in a subjective style from the point of view of its protagonist, Holden Caulfield, following his exact thought process (a writing style known as stream of consciousness). There is flow in the seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes; for example, as Holden sits in a chair in his dorm, minor events such as picking up a book or looking at a table, unfold into discussions about experiences. Critical reviews agree that the novel accurately reflected the teenage colloquial speech of the time. Holden is six feet two and has grown six and a half inches in the last year.He's a heavy smoker and wears his hair in a crew cut. People mistake him for being 13 even though he's 16 and has a headful of gray hair. Holden's appearance is that of an adolescent who's not just too young or too old for his age, but somehow both at once. Holden has just failed out of Pencey Prep. The only subject he passed was English, as he reads a lot on his own. The novel follows Holden' s last few days at Pencey and the events that happen afterward, which lead to his hospitalization and psychoanalysis. The Catcher in the Rye is the story of Holden Caulfield during these crucial days, as told by Holden.Holden is alienated from society. He feels that no one understands him and that everyone is a â€Å"phony†. He thinks that no one is honest, and everybody wants to be something else. He feels that the only person who understands him is Phoebe. He does not have relationships with girls, or anyone because he feels that he is the only genuine person in the world.. Holden has to deal with loss. He loses his brother, Allie, to leukemia, and feels a tremendous loss. Allie wrote poems on an old baseball glove, and Holden cherishes this, and speaks about it in great detail.His brother D. B. lives in Hollywood, and is a screenwriter. Holden regards him as a â€Å"phony† and has little contact with him. He regards D. B. as a figurative prostitute, who writes only to make money, and not for intellectual redemption. Another issue in Catcher is betrayal. Holden constantly feels betrayed, and that is a possible cause of his problems. Early in the novel, Mr. Spencer betrays him. He was one of the few teachers at Pency that Holden liked. Spencer broke the news of Holden's expulsion, and Holden felt betrayed.Stradlater betrays Holden by dating his best friend, Jane, whom Holden also had a crush on. When Holden returns home to see Phoebe, she is disappointed in him that he failed out of Pency. He thinks that she should accept him unconditionally, so he feels betrayed. Writer Bruce Brooks held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, thus differentiating the novel from young adult fiction. In contrast, writer and academic Louis Menand thought that teachers assign the novel because of the optimistic ending, to teach adolescent readers that â€Å"alienation is just a phase. While Brooks maintained that Holden ac ts his age, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given his ability to accurately perceive people and their motives such as when Phoebe states that she will go out west with Holden, and he immediately rejects this idea as ridiculous, much to Phoebe's disappointment. Others highlight the dilemma of Holden's state, in between adolescence and adulthood. While Holden views himself to be smarter than and as mature as adults, he is quick to become emotional. â€Å"I felt sorry as hell for†¦ † is a phrase he often uses. Peter Beidler, in his A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, identifies the movie that the prostitute Sunny refers to in chapter 13 of The Catcher in the Rye. She says that in the movie a boy falls off a boat. The movie is Captains Courageous, starring Spencer Tracy. Sunny says that Holden looks like the boy who fell off the boat. Beidler shows (see p. 28) a still of the boy, played by child-actor Freddie Bartholom ew. The novel's philosophy has been negatively compared with that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Each Caulfield child has literary talent: D. B. writes screenplays in Hollywood; Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing skill (Holden's own best subject), but he also despises movies, considering them the ultimate in â€Å"phony†, and describes D. B. ‘s move to Hollywood to write for films as â€Å"prostituting himself†; Allie wrote poetry on his baseball glove; and Phoebe is a diarist. This â€Å"catcher in the rye† is an analogy for Holden, who admires in kids attributes he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes.Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the â€Å"catcher† and the â€Å"fallen†; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes th e catcher. Holden is an atypical teenager. He is alienated more than most adolescents. He also is in the midst of an identity crisis. All teenagers go through these phases, so everyone can relate to Holden to some extent. Holden is socially inept. Although he has many friends and acquaintances, he can not form lasting, meaningful friendships. Most teenagers, although they do have insecurities, are able to function in relationships. Holden does not mature through the novel.He actually regresses back to a child-like state of mind. He is constantly dwelling on the death of his younger brother, and avoids his parents, and feels like the only person he can talk to is his ten year old sister. Holden holds Allie and Phoebe in such high esteem because they are innocent. Holden's goal is to protect innocence in the world. When he hears the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† song being sung by a little boy, he decides that he wants to be the person that keeps children from falling off a cliff. That cliff symbolizes the transition from childhood to adulthood, and he wants to keep them as innocent children, not phony adults. Catcher in the Rye The Theme of Phoniness in Catcher in the Rye Phoniness is a reoccurring theme used in J. D. Salinger’s ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by the main character Holden Caufield. Throughout the entire novel, the word â€Å"phony† is used many times by Holden, making phoniness appear to be one of the most dominant reoccurring themes. He describes numerous characters’ â€Å"fake† attitudes as phony. It seems to be the way Holden rationalizes that the world is a bad place and thus making him want to protect adolescence and keep them from being exposed to adults and this phoniness.But Holden actually appears to be a hypocrite. Holden Caufield believes all adults are phony, but as the novel shows, Holden is not immune from phoniness himself. Holden is constantly referring to people and situations as phony. One being shallow, fake, or superficial qualifies them as a phony according to Holden. Holden sees this â€Å"phoniness† everywhere in the adult worl d. Many of the characters in the novel are indeed often phony to keep up their appearance, so yes, people are phony and Holden is right, but he himself is guilty of the same things.The first time Holden mentions the phonies he brings up Mr. Spencer. He had disagreed with Mr. Spencer when he had told him about â€Å"life being a game†, and simply responded by saying, â€Å"If you get on the side where all the hot shots are, then it’s a game, all right—I’ll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot shots, then what’s the game about? Nothing. No Game† (Salinger 8). Phonies, like his fellow students, are more interested in looking good than actually doing anything good. Holden often develops sarcastic phoniness, either out of his anger or as a complete joke.After Holden got in a fight with his roommate, Stradlater, he goes into his neighbor Ackley’s room. When Ackley does not let him sleep in his empt y roommate’s bed Holden says, â€Å"You’re a real prince. You’re a gentleman and a scholar, kid† (Salinger 47-8). This is a perfect example of Holden’s sarcasm and phoniness, especially since he had earlier admitted to how much he disliked Ackley. Throughout the novel Holden tell pointless lies, talks to girls he does not like, or agrees with things he in reality does not match his beliefs at all.For example, after Holden gives three women, whom he refers to as â€Å"witches† they eye at the table next to him he says, â€Å"That annoyed the hell out of me—you’d’ve thought I wanted to marry them or something. I should’ve given them the freeze, after they did that, but the trouble was, I really felt like dancing† (Salinger 70). These women are exactly the type of women Holden sees as phony as they were interested in movie stars and material things, and yet he still wants to dance with them, and also precedes to buy their drinks.Furthermore, in chapter 13, Holden accepts a prostitute for five dollars, he says, â€Å"It was against my principles and all, but I was feeling so depressed I didn’t even think† (Salinger 91). Holden even says right then and there it was against his â€Å"principals†, but he shows that he himself is superficial as well. Although he does not end up doing anything with Sunny, the prostitute, he accepted in the first place only to show that he is not a coward.Holden believes women like men who assert power–and if these men with power were anybody else but himself he would refer to them as phony. In summary, Holden Caufield is not exempt from phoniness himself. Phoniness to Holden is his way of describing someone who is fake, superficial, shallow, or a hypocrite, judged by his encounters with others. Holden shows throughout the novel that he, himself, is a hypocrite too. He lies to people, cheats people, judges people, and does things tha t he would not agree with if it were somebody else doing it. Holden is his own counterevidence. Catcher in the Rye Kathleen Cooley Ms. Bertram English 2 Honors 24 September 2009 The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is a famous novel written by J. D. Salinger. Taken place in New York City. The main character, known as Holden Caulfield, tries to discover the meaning of life and goes through many obstacles. In his tone throughout the story, he narrates and describes how certain people have an affect on him, also what they mean to him. As Holden Caulfield narrates the story, each character is given specialized details. What Holden sees in them, if they are phony or real. Symbolism is portrayed through the entire novel. Certain tatements are written as one object but represent a disguised meaning. Throughout the entire novel, Holden Caulfield always seems to ostracize everyone. He is always writing about others, how they look or what he feels for them. But never comes through to get close enough with someone emotionally. Holden does not have relations with anyone, he thinks everyone is phony. He always just seemed to be confused about life. Also he has not finished school, and all he is doing is wondering around every night around New York City. He should be trying to get back into school for a good education to have a bright future. When Holden writes about each of his friends or relatives he gives them specialized details. For example, He writes â€Å"I mean most girls are so dumb and all. After you neck them for a while, you can really watch them losing their brains. You take a girl when she really gets passionate, she just hasn't any brains. † (Salinger ch. 13 pg 92). Holden explains his thoughts about girls, witch he does not have any feeling for. He does not really have any feelings for anyone not just girls, but for his family also, since he’s really not with them or in contact with them anyhow. Symbolism plays a major role in this novel. Holden writes about objects, but are really given disguised meanings. An example â€Å"My brother Allie had this left-handed fielder’s mitt. He was left-handed. The thing that was descriptive about it, though, was that he had poems written all over the fingers and the pocket and everywhere. In green ink. He wrote them on it so that he’d have something to read when he was in the field and nobody was up at bat. † (Salinger ch. 5 pg 38). Notice how he writes descriptive details about the mitt. As if it is more important to him than it is to Allie, his brother that is dead now. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is a great example for tone, character, and symbolism. There are many examples that are given throughout the entire novel of these rhetorical devices. As Holden is growing from a little boy to a young adult, He is very confused about his life and really has no idea where he is going in his future. He writes about the many obstacles that he is going through. As if He is trying to give the reader a message and that message is, for your life, it is your own story and you have to write the pages and complete it. . Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is written in a subjective style from the point of view of its protagonist, Holden Caulfield, following his exact thought process (a writing style known as stream of consciousness). There is flow in the seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes; for example, as Holden sits in a chair in his dorm, minor events such as picking up a book or looking at a table, unfold into discussions about experiences. Critical reviews agree that the novel accurately reflected the teenage colloquial speech of the time. Holden is six feet two and has grown six and a half inches in the last year.He's a heavy smoker and wears his hair in a crew cut. People mistake him for being 13 even though he's 16 and has a headful of gray hair. Holden's appearance is that of an adolescent who's not just too young or too old for his age, but somehow both at once. Holden has just failed out of Pencey Prep. The only subject he passed was English, as he reads a lot on his own. The novel follows Holden' s last few days at Pencey and the events that happen afterward, which lead to his hospitalization and psychoanalysis. The Catcher in the Rye is the story of Holden Caulfield during these crucial days, as told by Holden.Holden is alienated from society. He feels that no one understands him and that everyone is a â€Å"phony†. He thinks that no one is honest, and everybody wants to be something else. He feels that the only person who understands him is Phoebe. He does not have relationships with girls, or anyone because he feels that he is the only genuine person in the world.. Holden has to deal with loss. He loses his brother, Allie, to leukemia, and feels a tremendous loss. Allie wrote poems on an old baseball glove, and Holden cherishes this, and speaks about it in great detail.His brother D. B. lives in Hollywood, and is a screenwriter. Holden regards him as a â€Å"phony† and has little contact with him. He regards D. B. as a figurative prostitute, who writes only to make money, and not for intellectual redemption. Another issue in Catcher is betrayal. Holden constantly feels betrayed, and that is a possible cause of his problems. Early in the novel, Mr. Spencer betrays him. He was one of the few teachers at Pency that Holden liked. Spencer broke the news of Holden's expulsion, and Holden felt betrayed.Stradlater betrays Holden by dating his best friend, Jane, whom Holden also had a crush on. When Holden returns home to see Phoebe, she is disappointed in him that he failed out of Pency. He thinks that she should accept him unconditionally, so he feels betrayed. Writer Bruce Brooks held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, thus differentiating the novel from young adult fiction. In contrast, writer and academic Louis Menand thought that teachers assign the novel because of the optimistic ending, to teach adolescent readers that â€Å"alienation is just a phase. While Brooks maintained that Holden ac ts his age, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given his ability to accurately perceive people and their motives such as when Phoebe states that she will go out west with Holden, and he immediately rejects this idea as ridiculous, much to Phoebe's disappointment. Others highlight the dilemma of Holden's state, in between adolescence and adulthood. While Holden views himself to be smarter than and as mature as adults, he is quick to become emotional. â€Å"I felt sorry as hell for†¦ † is a phrase he often uses. Peter Beidler, in his A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, identifies the movie that the prostitute Sunny refers to in chapter 13 of The Catcher in the Rye. She says that in the movie a boy falls off a boat. The movie is Captains Courageous, starring Spencer Tracy. Sunny says that Holden looks like the boy who fell off the boat. Beidler shows (see p. 28) a still of the boy, played by child-actor Freddie Bartholom ew. The novel's philosophy has been negatively compared with that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Each Caulfield child has literary talent: D. B. writes screenplays in Hollywood; Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing skill (Holden's own best subject), but he also despises movies, considering them the ultimate in â€Å"phony†, and describes D. B. ‘s move to Hollywood to write for films as â€Å"prostituting himself†; Allie wrote poetry on his baseball glove; and Phoebe is a diarist. This â€Å"catcher in the rye† is an analogy for Holden, who admires in kids attributes he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes.Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the â€Å"catcher† and the â€Å"fallen†; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes th e catcher. Holden is an atypical teenager. He is alienated more than most adolescents. He also is in the midst of an identity crisis. All teenagers go through these phases, so everyone can relate to Holden to some extent. Holden is socially inept. Although he has many friends and acquaintances, he can not form lasting, meaningful friendships. Most teenagers, although they do have insecurities, are able to function in relationships. Holden does not mature through the novel.He actually regresses back to a child-like state of mind. He is constantly dwelling on the death of his younger brother, and avoids his parents, and feels like the only person he can talk to is his ten year old sister. Holden holds Allie and Phoebe in such high esteem because they are innocent. Holden's goal is to protect innocence in the world. When he hears the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† song being sung by a little boy, he decides that he wants to be the person that keeps children from falling off a cliff. That cliff symbolizes the transition from childhood to adulthood, and he wants to keep them as innocent children, not phony adults. Catcher in the Rye Kathleen Cooley Ms. Bertram English 2 Honors 24 September 2009 The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is a famous novel written by J. D. Salinger. Taken place in New York City. The main character, known as Holden Caulfield, tries to discover the meaning of life and goes through many obstacles. In his tone throughout the story, he narrates and describes how certain people have an affect on him, also what they mean to him. As Holden Caulfield narrates the story, each character is given specialized details. What Holden sees in them, if they are phony or real. Symbolism is portrayed through the entire novel. Certain tatements are written as one object but represent a disguised meaning. Throughout the entire novel, Holden Caulfield always seems to ostracize everyone. He is always writing about others, how they look or what he feels for them. But never comes through to get close enough with someone emotionally. Holden does not have relations with anyone, he thinks everyone is phony. He always just seemed to be confused about life. Also he has not finished school, and all he is doing is wondering around every night around New York City. He should be trying to get back into school for a good education to have a bright future. When Holden writes about each of his friends or relatives he gives them specialized details. For example, He writes â€Å"I mean most girls are so dumb and all. After you neck them for a while, you can really watch them losing their brains. You take a girl when she really gets passionate, she just hasn't any brains. † (Salinger ch. 13 pg 92). Holden explains his thoughts about girls, witch he does not have any feeling for. He does not really have any feelings for anyone not just girls, but for his family also, since he’s really not with them or in contact with them anyhow. Symbolism plays a major role in this novel. Holden writes about objects, but are really given disguised meanings. An example â€Å"My brother Allie had this left-handed fielder’s mitt. He was left-handed. The thing that was descriptive about it, though, was that he had poems written all over the fingers and the pocket and everywhere. In green ink. He wrote them on it so that he’d have something to read when he was in the field and nobody was up at bat. † (Salinger ch. 5 pg 38). Notice how he writes descriptive details about the mitt. As if it is more important to him than it is to Allie, his brother that is dead now. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is a great example for tone, character, and symbolism. There are many examples that are given throughout the entire novel of these rhetorical devices. As Holden is growing from a little boy to a young adult, He is very confused about his life and really has no idea where he is going in his future. He writes about the many obstacles that he is going through. As if He is trying to give the reader a message and that message is, for your life, it is your own story and you have to write the pages and complete it. . Catcher in the Rye The Theme of Phoniness in Catcher in the Rye Phoniness is a reoccurring theme used in J. D. Salinger’s ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by the main character Holden Caufield. Throughout the entire novel, the word â€Å"phony† is used many times by Holden, making phoniness appear to be one of the most dominant reoccurring themes. He describes numerous characters’ â€Å"fake† attitudes as phony. It seems to be the way Holden rationalizes that the world is a bad place and thus making him want to protect adolescence and keep them from being exposed to adults and this phoniness.But Holden actually appears to be a hypocrite. Holden Caufield believes all adults are phony, but as the novel shows, Holden is not immune from phoniness himself. Holden is constantly referring to people and situations as phony. One being shallow, fake, or superficial qualifies them as a phony according to Holden. Holden sees this â€Å"phoniness† everywhere in the adult worl d. Many of the characters in the novel are indeed often phony to keep up their appearance, so yes, people are phony and Holden is right, but he himself is guilty of the same things.The first time Holden mentions the phonies he brings up Mr. Spencer. He had disagreed with Mr. Spencer when he had told him about â€Å"life being a game†, and simply responded by saying, â€Å"If you get on the side where all the hot shots are, then it’s a game, all right—I’ll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot shots, then what’s the game about? Nothing. No Game† (Salinger 8). Phonies, like his fellow students, are more interested in looking good than actually doing anything good. Holden often develops sarcastic phoniness, either out of his anger or as a complete joke.After Holden got in a fight with his roommate, Stradlater, he goes into his neighbor Ackley’s room. When Ackley does not let him sleep in his empt y roommate’s bed Holden says, â€Å"You’re a real prince. You’re a gentleman and a scholar, kid† (Salinger 47-8). This is a perfect example of Holden’s sarcasm and phoniness, especially since he had earlier admitted to how much he disliked Ackley. Throughout the novel Holden tell pointless lies, talks to girls he does not like, or agrees with things he in reality does not match his beliefs at all.For example, after Holden gives three women, whom he refers to as â€Å"witches† they eye at the table next to him he says, â€Å"That annoyed the hell out of me—you’d’ve thought I wanted to marry them or something. I should’ve given them the freeze, after they did that, but the trouble was, I really felt like dancing† (Salinger 70). These women are exactly the type of women Holden sees as phony as they were interested in movie stars and material things, and yet he still wants to dance with them, and also precedes to buy their drinks.Furthermore, in chapter 13, Holden accepts a prostitute for five dollars, he says, â€Å"It was against my principles and all, but I was feeling so depressed I didn’t even think† (Salinger 91). Holden even says right then and there it was against his â€Å"principals†, but he shows that he himself is superficial as well. Although he does not end up doing anything with Sunny, the prostitute, he accepted in the first place only to show that he is not a coward.Holden believes women like men who assert power–and if these men with power were anybody else but himself he would refer to them as phony. In summary, Holden Caufield is not exempt from phoniness himself. Phoniness to Holden is his way of describing someone who is fake, superficial, shallow, or a hypocrite, judged by his encounters with others. Holden shows throughout the novel that he, himself, is a hypocrite too. He lies to people, cheats people, judges people, and does things tha t he would not agree with if it were somebody else doing it. Holden is his own counterevidence. Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is written in a subjective style from the point of view of its protagonist, Holden Caulfield, following his exact thought process (a writing style known as stream of consciousness). There is flow in the seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes; for example, as Holden sits in a chair in his dorm, minor events such as picking up a book or looking at a table, unfold into discussions about experiences. Critical reviews agree that the novel accurately reflected the teenage colloquial speech of the time. Holden is six feet two and has grown six and a half inches in the last year.He's a heavy smoker and wears his hair in a crew cut. People mistake him for being 13 even though he's 16 and has a headful of gray hair. Holden's appearance is that of an adolescent who's not just too young or too old for his age, but somehow both at once. Holden has just failed out of Pencey Prep. The only subject he passed was English, as he reads a lot on his own. The novel follows Holden' s last few days at Pencey and the events that happen afterward, which lead to his hospitalization and psychoanalysis. The Catcher in the Rye is the story of Holden Caulfield during these crucial days, as told by Holden.Holden is alienated from society. He feels that no one understands him and that everyone is a â€Å"phony†. He thinks that no one is honest, and everybody wants to be something else. He feels that the only person who understands him is Phoebe. He does not have relationships with girls, or anyone because he feels that he is the only genuine person in the world.. Holden has to deal with loss. He loses his brother, Allie, to leukemia, and feels a tremendous loss. Allie wrote poems on an old baseball glove, and Holden cherishes this, and speaks about it in great detail.His brother D. B. lives in Hollywood, and is a screenwriter. Holden regards him as a â€Å"phony† and has little contact with him. He regards D. B. as a figurative prostitute, who writes only to make money, and not for intellectual redemption. Another issue in Catcher is betrayal. Holden constantly feels betrayed, and that is a possible cause of his problems. Early in the novel, Mr. Spencer betrays him. He was one of the few teachers at Pency that Holden liked. Spencer broke the news of Holden's expulsion, and Holden felt betrayed.Stradlater betrays Holden by dating his best friend, Jane, whom Holden also had a crush on. When Holden returns home to see Phoebe, she is disappointed in him that he failed out of Pency. He thinks that she should accept him unconditionally, so he feels betrayed. Writer Bruce Brooks held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, thus differentiating the novel from young adult fiction. In contrast, writer and academic Louis Menand thought that teachers assign the novel because of the optimistic ending, to teach adolescent readers that â€Å"alienation is just a phase. While Brooks maintained that Holden ac ts his age, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given his ability to accurately perceive people and their motives such as when Phoebe states that she will go out west with Holden, and he immediately rejects this idea as ridiculous, much to Phoebe's disappointment. Others highlight the dilemma of Holden's state, in between adolescence and adulthood. While Holden views himself to be smarter than and as mature as adults, he is quick to become emotional. â€Å"I felt sorry as hell for†¦ † is a phrase he often uses. Peter Beidler, in his A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, identifies the movie that the prostitute Sunny refers to in chapter 13 of The Catcher in the Rye. She says that in the movie a boy falls off a boat. The movie is Captains Courageous, starring Spencer Tracy. Sunny says that Holden looks like the boy who fell off the boat. Beidler shows (see p. 28) a still of the boy, played by child-actor Freddie Bartholom ew. The novel's philosophy has been negatively compared with that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Each Caulfield child has literary talent: D. B. writes screenplays in Hollywood; Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing skill (Holden's own best subject), but he also despises movies, considering them the ultimate in â€Å"phony†, and describes D. B. ‘s move to Hollywood to write for films as â€Å"prostituting himself†; Allie wrote poetry on his baseball glove; and Phoebe is a diarist. This â€Å"catcher in the rye† is an analogy for Holden, who admires in kids attributes he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes.Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the â€Å"catcher† and the â€Å"fallen†; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes th e catcher. Holden is an atypical teenager. He is alienated more than most adolescents. He also is in the midst of an identity crisis. All teenagers go through these phases, so everyone can relate to Holden to some extent. Holden is socially inept. Although he has many friends and acquaintances, he can not form lasting, meaningful friendships. Most teenagers, although they do have insecurities, are able to function in relationships. Holden does not mature through the novel.He actually regresses back to a child-like state of mind. He is constantly dwelling on the death of his younger brother, and avoids his parents, and feels like the only person he can talk to is his ten year old sister. Holden holds Allie and Phoebe in such high esteem because they are innocent. Holden's goal is to protect innocence in the world. When he hears the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† song being sung by a little boy, he decides that he wants to be the person that keeps children from falling off a cliff. That cliff symbolizes the transition from childhood to adulthood, and he wants to keep them as innocent children, not phony adults. Catcher in the Rye In J. D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, the main character, Holden Caulfield’s apparent madness and irrational behavior plays an important role. The decisions that Holden makes at the time seem un-normal and irrational to characters in the novel, but to the reader they seem wise and reasonable. One example of this behavior is the way Holden treats women. Throughout the novel he has the temptation to be with women, but he can resist his urges. He doesn’t want to be with a girl, just to be with a girl, Caulfield actually wants it to mean something.At the time people would have thought Holden was mad for passing up some of his opportunities with women, but when a reader reads about it, they feel like Holden is making the right decision. This helps the reader to believe that Holden is mature. When Holden donates the ten dollars he has to the nuns, some people may think that that was a large amount of money to spend on something, in which you get no gift out of. Even though Holden didn’t receive something physically back, he did receive something back mentally.Since he had felt guilty for the night before, he wanted to pay off his guilt. To some people it may seem â€Å"mad† to pay off your guilt, but to Holden it was what he needed to do. Madness can be determined differently through other peoples eyes, what one person may think is what is considered â€Å"mad†, another may find completely normal. The difference and the significance of the â€Å"madness† in the novel work as a whole because it shows how not thinking like everyone else isn’t a bad thing.Holden has a mind of his own, and he uses it to his advantage, making him a stronger and more independent individual. Holden carries himself in a very unique way, some people may think his decision are irrational, and some may think they are completely logical. Analyzing how â€Å"madness† works, and how â€Å"madness† is seen through dif ferent peoples eyes is difficult, but when it comes down to it, it is always going to be seen differently. Catcher in the Rye Kathleen Cooley Ms. Bertram English 2 Honors 24 September 2009 The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is a famous novel written by J. D. Salinger. Taken place in New York City. The main character, known as Holden Caulfield, tries to discover the meaning of life and goes through many obstacles. In his tone throughout the story, he narrates and describes how certain people have an affect on him, also what they mean to him. As Holden Caulfield narrates the story, each character is given specialized details. What Holden sees in them, if they are phony or real. Symbolism is portrayed through the entire novel. Certain tatements are written as one object but represent a disguised meaning. Throughout the entire novel, Holden Caulfield always seems to ostracize everyone. He is always writing about others, how they look or what he feels for them. But never comes through to get close enough with someone emotionally. Holden does not have relations with anyone, he thinks everyone is phony. He always just seemed to be confused about life. Also he has not finished school, and all he is doing is wondering around every night around New York City. He should be trying to get back into school for a good education to have a bright future. When Holden writes about each of his friends or relatives he gives them specialized details. For example, He writes â€Å"I mean most girls are so dumb and all. After you neck them for a while, you can really watch them losing their brains. You take a girl when she really gets passionate, she just hasn't any brains. † (Salinger ch. 13 pg 92). Holden explains his thoughts about girls, witch he does not have any feeling for. He does not really have any feelings for anyone not just girls, but for his family also, since he’s really not with them or in contact with them anyhow. Symbolism plays a major role in this novel. Holden writes about objects, but are really given disguised meanings. An example â€Å"My brother Allie had this left-handed fielder’s mitt. He was left-handed. The thing that was descriptive about it, though, was that he had poems written all over the fingers and the pocket and everywhere. In green ink. He wrote them on it so that he’d have something to read when he was in the field and nobody was up at bat. † (Salinger ch. 5 pg 38). Notice how he writes descriptive details about the mitt. As if it is more important to him than it is to Allie, his brother that is dead now. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is a great example for tone, character, and symbolism. There are many examples that are given throughout the entire novel of these rhetorical devices. As Holden is growing from a little boy to a young adult, He is very confused about his life and really has no idea where he is going in his future. He writes about the many obstacles that he is going through. As if He is trying to give the reader a message and that message is, for your life, it is your own story and you have to write the pages and complete it. .